Epidote is an abundant rock-forming mineral, but one of secondary origin. It occurs in marble and schistose rocks of metamorphic origin. It is also a product of hydrothermal alteration of various minerals (feldspars, micas, pyroxenes, amphiboles, garnets, and others) composing igneous rocks.

Well-developed crystals of epidote crystallize in the monoclinic system and are of frequent occurrence: they are commonly prismatic in habit, the direction of elongation being perpendicular to the single plane of symmetry. The faces are often deeply striated and crystals are often twinned.

Many of the characteristics of the mineral vary with the amount of iron present, for instance, the color, the optical constants, and the specific gravity. The color is green, grey, brown, or nearly black, but usually a characteristic shade of yellowish-green or pistachio-green.

Epidote displays strong pleochroism (or iridescence), which means their optical properties vary with the direction of light. The direction of the electric field determines the polarization of light, and crystals will respond in different ways if this angle is changed.

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